NORTHROX MINERALS
Confidential — Investor Presentation
Eigersund Critical Minerals Project

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Northrox Minerals · c/o North Capital Partners S.à r.l. · Confidential
Confidential — Investor Presentation · April 2026

Eigersund Critical Minerals

Europe's largest phosphate-vanadium-titanium deposit. Underground extraction, minimal footprint. US processing hub aligned with defence-industrial policy. Available for rights acquisition.

4.9 Bt
JORC Resource
3
EU Critical Minerals
$95M+
Sunk Exploration
~$490M
EBITDA Base Case (Track 2)
32
DMF Licenses · 26.3 km²
~$1.8B
NPV (10% WACC · Track 2)
Investment Thesis

A differentiated entry point in European critical minerals

A world-class resource — fully characterised geology, three critical minerals, extensive infrastructure — positioned for a strategic partnership that can unlock a multi-billion dollar platform.

01

World-class resource, minimal exploration risk

3.167 billion tonnes (3.49 billion short tons) classified by 198 boreholes across 74,000 m (243,000 ft) of drilling. JORC 2012 classified. 948 Mt Indicated + 2.22 Bt Inferred. Three EU-critical minerals in a single deposit. The JORC resource is defined — this is an execution play.

02

$95M+ of sunk exploration cost

198 boreholes, 74,000m of core drilling, JORC resource estimation, and completed PFS. The geological work is done. The project stalled because of the wrong mine design and damaged community relations — not because of the resource.

03

Underground design unlocks social license

Underground sublevel caving dramatically reduces surface impact and aligns with community expectations. Proven at massive scale across Scandinavia: Rana Gruber, LKAB Kiruna, Boliden. This is the mine design that gets built.

04

US defence & industrial policy

Toll-processing via existing US plant. DPA Title III grants ($50–150M+) and Industrial Base Fund ($5B) target allied-nation critical minerals. §45X production credits for Ti + V available to the US processor through 2033. No US plant capex required from the project.

Transaction Structure

Rights acquisition. Clean NewCo.

Acquire all mineral rights, exploration licenses, JORC resource data, and Pre-Feasibility Study work product. No company acquisition — no inherited liabilities, contracts, or reputation. Clean NewCo built from day one with the right team and structure.

Phase 1 — Exclusivity & Due Diligence

Duration6 months exclusive
ConsiderationNominal (exclusivity commitment)
ScopeFull DD, site access, technical data access
Walk-away rightUnconditional
Capital at riskMinimal

Phase 2 — Rights Acquisition

TargetAll mineral rights, licenses, data & IP
StructureAsset deal — no company acquired
Board control100% — new investor group
Purchase price$80M (on DD completion)
DD period6 months exclusive
Liabilities assumedNone — asset deal only
What We Acquire — Asset Package
32
DMF exploration
licenses
Eigersund area
3,167 Mt
JORC
Resource
estimate
SRK verified
198
Boreholes
74,000m
core data
Full dataset
PFS
Pre-Feasibility
Study
complete
SGS testwork
EIA
Environmental
baseline
data
Multi-year
IP
All technical
reports &
engineering
Full transfer

Rights, not company. We acquire the mineral rights, data, and licenses — not the company, its liabilities, or its history. $80M buys $95M+ of exploration work with zero legacy baggage. NewCo starts clean: new name, new team, new structure, new relationship with Eigersund.

Sunk Cost Analysis

Acquiring $95M+ of exploration work — at a discount

Norge Mining has invested over $95M since 2019 in exploration, drilling, and feasibility work — yet failed to advance to the next stage. Our $80M rights acquisition buys $95M+ of exploration work — and leaves behind the company, its liabilities, and its damaged reputation. NewCo starts clean.

What Norge Mining has spent
198 boreholes (~74,000m core drilling)~$55M
JORC Resource estimation (SRK/Snowden)~$8M
Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS)~$12M
Metallurgical testwork (SGS labs)~$5M
Environmental baseline & permitting~$4M
32 DMF exploration licenses~$3M
Corporate overhead, staff, admin (6 yr)~$8M
Total invested~$95M+
vs
What we pay (rights acquisition)
Option fee (Phase 1)$0
Landowner milestone$10M
Regulatory approval milestone$15M
DMF extraction permit$10M
First ore produced$15M
Full capacity (20 Mtpa)$20M
Capital at risk before DD$0
Total acquisition cost$80M
$0.84
Per dollar invested by Norge Mining — for all rights and data

$80M for $95M+ of sunk exploration cost — and we leave behind the company, its liabilities, and its reputation problems. 6 months of exclusive DD before any capital commitment. Unconditional walk-away right. Asset deal = zero legacy risk.

01

Replacement Cost

Starting from scratch would require 5–7 years and ~$100M minimum just to replicate the exploration data, JORC resource, and PFS that already exist. Our deal acquires this in day one.

Time Arbitrage
02

Distressed Seller Signal

Norge Mining failed to close the Skaland Graphite deal ($11.75M) in 2025 due to financing failure. The company cannot fund the next stage alone. Time pressure favours the buyer.

Leverage
03

Seller Wins Too

$80M cash for rights the seller cannot monetise alone. Versus the alternative: a project that stalls, burns cash, and eventually becomes worthless. Clean exit for a founder who needs one.

Win-Win
Resource & Market

Three critical minerals. One extraordinary deposit.

Storeknuten hosts a polymetallic deposit containing phosphate, vanadium, and titanium — all classified as critical raw materials under the EU Critical Raw Materials Act (2024). Europe currently imports virtually 100% of these minerals.

Deposit Overview — Storeknuten

Located in Rogaland county, southwestern Norway. One of the world's largest known polymetallic occurrences of phosphate, vanadium, and titanium. Fully characterised. Adjacent to Eigersund port with direct deep-water access.

LocationEigersund, Rogaland
License area26.3 km² / 10.2 mi² (32 DMF licenses)
Storeknuten JORC resource3,167 Mt / 3,491 M short tons
Indicated948 Mt / 1,045 M short tons
Inferred2,219 Mt / 2,446 M short tons
Exploration boreholes198
Total drilling~74,000 m / 243,000 ft
PFS completionSeptember 2024
Nearest portEigersund — 15 km / 9.3 mi

Phosphate (P₂O₅)

$150/t
Grade: 2.56% P₂O₅ (avg), up to 4.15% in Zone B · Output: ~1.3 Mtpa concentrate (at ~40% P₂O₅)
Uses: Fertilizer (DAP/MAP), LFP batteries, animal feed, phosphoric acid for semiconductors
Market: 250 Mt (276 M st) global demand. Morocco controls 70% of reserves. EU has zero domestic production.
EU CRM Act — strategic raw material. European food security. LFP battery demand accelerating.

Titanium (TiO₂ via Ilmenite)

$335/t
Grade: 4.54% TiO₂ (avg), up to 10.4% at Skeipstad · Output: 1.2 Mtpa / 1.32 M stpa ilmenite concentrate
Uses: TiO₂ pigment (paints, coatings), titanium metal (aerospace, defense), 3D printing, medical implants
Market: 8.5 Mt (9.4 M st) global demand. China/Australia dominate. Defense-critical with no substitutes.
US critical mineral · NATO-listed titanium co-product. Aerospace supply chain bottleneck. 4% annual demand growth.

Vanadium (V₂O₅)

$12,000/t
Grade: 0.07% V₂O₅ · Output: ~11,000 tpa / ~12,100 stpa
Uses: High-strength steel, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) for grid storage, aerospace superalloys
Market: 110,000 tpa (121,254 stpa). China controls 55%. VRFBs growing 35% CAGR — breakthrough storage technology.
Grid-scale energy storage megatrend. VRFB demand projected to triple vanadium market by 2035.
Exploration Results & Technical Due Diligence

What the data shows. What it doesn't.

Full transparency on geological results, metallurgical testing, and open questions. Three deposit areas — all within the same 26.3 km² (10.2 sq mi) extraction license granted by DMF in June 2024.

License Area — 26.3 km² (10.2 sq mi) / 32 DMF Licenses

All three deposits sit within the Bjerkreim-Sokndal Layered Intrusion (BSL) — a synformal geological structure where mineralised zones occur on both flanks of the trough. The DMF extraction rights (June 2024) cover the entire area, but for vanadium, titanium, and iron ore only. Phosphate requires separate landowner agreements (204 landowners).

Total license area26.3 km² / 10.2 sq mi — largest ever granted in Norway
Storeknuten → Øygrei~4.5 km / 2.8 mi apart (south vs north limb)
SkeipstadSatellite, different geochemistry (Ti-V only)
PFS areaStoreknuten Zone 1 only
Eigersund port~15 km / 9.3 mi south — direct road access
Key: The PFS ($2.01B NPV) covers only Storeknuten Zone 1. Øygrei and Skeipstad are defined JORC resources within the same license area — additional value not yet captured in any feasibility study.
JORC MINERAL RESOURCES — COMBINED 4.9 BILLION TONNES (5.4B SHORT TONS)
Deposit Category Tonnes (Mt) P₂O₅ % TiO₂ % V₂O₅ % Fe₃O₄ % Date
StoreknutenIndicated9482.484.530.073.70Jun 2024
Inferred2,2202.594.540.073.40
Total3,1672.564.540.073.49
ØygreiIndicated8001.844.980.07Jan 2021
Inferred7501.634.910.07
Total1,5501.744.950.07
SkeipstadIndicated8911.420.146.82Oct 2023
Inferred1039.460.115.36
Total19210.370.126.04
COMBINED TOTAL4,909 Mt / 5.41B stIndicated: 1,837 Mt (bankable) · Inferred: 3,073 Mt · Exploration targets: +2.4–4.0 Bt additional

All estimates JORC 2012 compliant. Prepared by SRK Consulting (UK) Ltd. Competent Person: Dr Mike Armitage. Mineral Resources are not Ore Reserves.

PHASE 1 CHANNEL SAMPLES — GRADE DATA BY ZONE (SRK, 2019)

21 profiles, 496 m (1,627 ft) total, 398 samples. Weighted averages by sample interval — the most representative in-situ grade data from field sampling.

Zone Samples Length P₂O₅ % TiO₂ % V₂O₅ (ppm) Economic Minerals % Assessment
Zone B96120.9 m / 397 ft4.156.271,06431.2%Best overall — likely first target
Zone C145178.3 m / 585 ft3.244.8075123.7%Widest zone, moderate grade
NEW Zone157196.9 m / 646 ft0.106.5887118.5%Highest Ti, but no phosphate
Zone ANEVER SAMPLED — 50–150 m (165–490 ft) wide, up to 12 km (7.5 mi) strike. Potentially largest zone in BSL.Exploration upside, not in model

Economic minerals = apatite + ilmenite + magnetite. Modal mineralogy per NGU method (Schiellerup et al., 2001). Source: SRK Phase 1 Report ES7821, Dec 2019.

METALLURGICAL RESULTS — DEMONSTRATED vs OPEN QUESTIONS
Parameter Result Source Status
Phosphate concentrate grade~40% P₂O₅SGS / Norge MiningDemonstrated
Phosphate purity>96% — low/zero cadmiumNorge MiningCompetitive advantage
V₂O₅ recovery (HG Skeipstad)87% from magnetite concentrateSGS CanadaDemonstrated
V₂O₅ total recovery to product72–80%SGS Canada roast/leachCommercial V₂O₅ produced
Ilmenite concentrate grade (HG)82.5% TiO₂SGS CanadaDemonstrated
Mineral deportmentTi→ilmenite, P→apatite, V→magnetite (>95%)Petrolab / WAIClean separation feasible
TiO₂ recovery from ROM oreOnly 35% demonstrated (target: 50%)SRK Øygrei MRE noteGap — needs DD
SGS flotation reports (full)Referenced but not publicly availableData room item
PFS IRR and opexNot publicly disclosedHatch / Norconsult / SRKNot published
Geotechnical data (RQD)Not published — critical for underground designDD prerequisite
Zone A samplingNever done — budget priority, not geological concernSRK Phase 1Exploration upside

What the PFS confirms (Sep 2024)

NPVUS$2.01 billion (Zone 1 only)
CapexUS$2.31 billion
Mine life23 years from Zone 1
Throughput20 Mtpa (22M stpa)
MethodOpen pit (rejected by municipality)
ConsultantsHatch, Norconsult, SRK
CoversStoreknuten Zone 1 only — within 26.3 km² extraction area

This is $12M+ of feasibility work we inherit on day one.

What we redesign (our value-add)

Mining methodUnderground (sublevel caving / SLOS — DFS decision)
AccessPortal + decline from valley floor
Geotechnical studyRequired — no RQD data published
Surface impactMinimal vs 30,000 dekar (7,400 acres) open pit
CommunityTrust fund (0.5% revenue) + landowner deals
PortPhased: Stavanger → Eigersund
Key unlockPolitical reset with municipality

Underground redesign is the core thesis — what unlocks the project.

Extraction rights granted June 2024. DMF awarded 32 licenses covering 26.3 km² (10.2 sq mi) in Eigersund — the largest extraction area ever granted in Norwegian history. Covers vanadium, titanium, and iron ore across all three deposits (Storeknuten, Øygrei, and Skeipstad). Phosphate rights require separate landowner agreements under the Norwegian Minerals Act 2009. Fast-track process — first project to use this pathway.

DOCUMENTS & SOURCE DATA — AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD

All key technical reports, JORC resource estimates, and geological surveys referenced on this page. Click to download PDF.

📄 Technical & JORC Reports
⬇️
SRK Storeknuten MRE
JORC Mineral Resource Estimate — 3,167 Mt. SRK Consulting, Jun 2024
PDF · 268 KB
⬇️
SRK Øygrei MRE
JORC Mineral Resource Estimate — 1,550 Mt. SRK Consulting, Jan 2021
PDF · 169 KB
⬇️
SRK Phase 1 Report
Channel sampling, mineralogy & deportment — 21 profiles, 398 samples. SRK 2019
PDF · 8.6 MB
⬇️
SRK Competent Person’s Report
Initial CPR covering BSL geology, exploration history & potential. SRK 2018
PDF · 6.5 MB
🌎 Geological Surveys & Policy
⬇️
NGU Bjerkreim Geological Survey
Geological mapping & mineralization overview of BSL intrusion
PDF · 2.4 MB
⬇️
NGU Ilmenite & Magnetite in Bjerkreim
Ti-Fe mineralization study of BSL — independent Norwegian geological survey
PDF · 3.4 MB
⬇️
NGU Report 2022-009
Critical minerals assessment — Norway’s resource potential
PDF · 2.0 MB
⬇️
EU Critical Raw Materials Act
EU CRM policy framework — 10% domestic extraction target by 2030
PDF · 1.7 MB
⬇️
Eigersund Kommuneplan — Innspill
Municipal planning input — local context & political landscape
PDF · 486 KB
💼 Corporate & Financial
⬇️
Årsregnskap 2024
Norge Mineraler AS — Annual accounts 2024 (latest filed)
PDF · 7.3 MB
⬇️
Secure European Source — Corporate Deck
Norge Mining corporate presentation 2023 — project overview & strategy
PDF · 5.9 MB
🔒
Additional documentation to be compiled during DD
SGS metallurgical reports, full PFS (Hatch/Norconsult/SRK), geotechnical data, and landowner agreements are held by Norge Mining. Access to be negotiated as part of option/DD agreement.

All documents are provided for informational purposes only. Technical reports remain the intellectual property of their respective authors. Click any document to download PDF.

Strategic Imperative

National security case — why governments need this project

Europe imports virtually 100% of its phosphate, vanadium, and titanium. Russia's invasion of Ukraine and China's export controls have turned mineral supply chains into a frontline of geopolitical competition. Eigersund sits at the intersection of every major Western minerals initiative.

🇪🇺

EU Critical Raw Materials Act

10%
Domestic extraction target by 2030

Entered into force May 2024. Mandates 10% domestic extraction, 40% processing, 25% recycling. Max 65% from any single third country. All three Eigersund minerals are on the EU CRM list. Eigersund qualifies as a "Strategic Project" with fast-track permitting.

🏳️

NATO Defence-Critical Minerals

12
Defence-critical materials listed Dec 2024

NATO published its first-ever list of 12 defence-critical raw materials in December 2024. Titanium is on the list — essential for fighter jets, naval vessels, and armour. Vanadium, while not on NATO's list, is classified as a US critical mineral and vital for high-strength military steel. Both are produced at Eigersund.

🇳🇴

Norway Mineral Strategy

MOU
US-Norway critical minerals partnership Jan 2025

Norway's mineral strategy (2023) targets fast-track permitting and world-class sustainability. US-Norway Critical Minerals MOU signed January 2025 — bilateral supply chain cooperation. Engebø mine opened 2024, first Norwegian metal mine in 40 years.

🇺🇸

US Inflation Reduction Act

$150–350M+
Potential US incentives over 10 years (subject to eligibility)

DPA Title III and the Industrial Base Fund ($5B, OBBBA July 2025) target allied-nation critical minerals. Eligibility requires application and approval. §45X production credits for Ti + V (~$14.5M/yr) remain available but phase out from 2031–2033. §48C has no new allocation rounds. The US co-investment case now centres on defence industrial policy rather than clean energy credits.

⚠️

China & Russia Dependency

90%
China's share of CRM processing

China controls 55% of vanadium and 60–90% of CRM processing globally. Russia supplied 20%+ of Europe's titanium before the war. Morocco controls 70% of phosphate reserves. Eigersund breaks all three dependencies simultaneously.

European Import Dependency — Current vs. Eigersund Impact
Phosphate
Morocco 70% · Russia 15% · Others
100% import
Vanadium
China 55% · Russia 20% · South Africa 18%
93% import
Titanium
China 45% · Russia 20%+ · Australia · Others
95% import
With Eigersund
Domestic / Allied supply
↓ 35–65%
01

EU Strategic Project Status

CRMA fast-track permitting (27-month cap). Access to InvestEU raw materials guarantee facility. Priority status in EU strategic projects list — direct line to European Commission.

Regulatory Tailwind
02

Norwegian State Support

Innovasjon Norge, Enova, and Export Finance Norway instruments available. Norway's mineral strategy explicitly targets new mining projects. Potential state equity participation (cf. Aker model).

Capital Access
03

US IRA + Bilateral MOU

Titanium and vanadium qualify for §45X production credits through 2033 (phasing out under OBBBA). §48C: no new allocation rounds for new projects. DPA Title III significantly expanded. US-Norway MOU (Oct 2024) creates bilateral framework for critical mineral cooperation.

Revenue Uplift
"The EU must secure its supply of critical raw materials. We cannot allow ourselves to fall into a new dependency. The age of relying solely on imports is over."
— Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, State of the Union 2023
Why the Opportunity Exists

World-class resource — wrong mine design

Over $95M+ and a decade of exploration have established one of Europe's most important mineral deposits. The project stalled on a single, fixable execution decision: open-pit mining in a community that would not accept it.

2012–2017
Company founded. Early exploration confirms massive polymetallic deposit at Storeknuten.
2018–2023
198 boreholes drilled across 74,000 m (243,000 ft). $95M+ invested. JORC resource of 3.167 billion tonnes defined and independently verified.
Sept 2024
Preliminary Feasibility Study completed (open-pit only). $2.31B capex, $2.01B NPV, 20 Mtpa (22 M stpa). This remains the only engineering study completed to date.
Open-pit design would have removed an entire mountainside — visible impact across the region.
2024–2025
Organised community opposition to open-pit mining. Environmental and landscape concerns escalate. Political momentum shifts against the project.
2025
Eigersund Municipal Council rejects the regulatory plan for open-pit mining. The current mine design is a dead end. Project roadmap halted.
2026 — Our Entry Point
The resource is proven. The mine design is the problem. Underground extraction solves it — and an operational partner with the right approach can unlock the full value of this deposit.
The Reset Strategy

Underground extraction. Dual-market strategy.

Redesign the mine for underground sublevel caving — tunnelling from the valley floor into the mountain with minimal surface footprint. Ore conveyed to Eigersund port and shipped to EU markets as concentrate. A US processing option (separate investment decision) could capture defence-industrial incentives.

Note: The existing PFS (Sep 2024) is for open-pit extraction. The underground concept below is preliminary and requires a new feasibility study as part of Phase 3. Capital and operating costs will differ from the open-pit PFS.

Phase 1

Option & DD

6-month exclusive due diligence. Geological verification. Underground design study. Community engagement.

Structured entry
Phase 2

Acquire Rights

Purchase all mineral rights, licenses, JORC data, and PFS work product. $80M on DD completion. Clean NewCo — no legacy liabilities.

Rights transfer
Phase 3

Engineer & Permit

Underground feasibility study (new PFS). Detailed mine design. New regulatory plan. Landowner agreements. DMF approvals. Community Trust established.

~18–24 months
Phase 4

Construct

Decline tunnel, underground infrastructure, conveyor to port, bulk terminal. US processing plant built in parallel.

~3–4 years
Phase 5

Produce & Scale

Ramp from 5 Mtpa to 20 Mtpa (22 M stpa) nameplate over 3–5 years. 23+ year mine life from Zone 1 alone. Additional zones extend resource.

3–5 yr ramp

Underground Mine Concept — Conceptual Cross Section (W→E)

STOREKNUTEN ~400m OREBODY 3,167 Mt · P₂O₅ · TiO₂ · V₂O₅ L1 — 200m L2 — 230m L3 — 260m L4 — 290m SUBLEVEL CAVING · 20 Mtpa PORTAL Valley floor ACCESS DECLINE CRUSHER CONVEYOR EIGERSUND PORT Bulk terminal → Norfolk, VA VENT Sea Level MINIMAL SURFACE FOOTPRINT Portals + vent shafts only — no open pit 20 MTPA THROUGHPUT Sublevel caving — LKAB method DIRECT TO PORT Underground conveyor to bulk terminal COMMUNITY ALIGNED Minimal footprint · 0.5% revenue trust
Financial Model

Financial projections. Internal model — not independently verified.

The original internal model projects $2.4B revenue and $7.4B NPV assuming fully integrated downstream processing (own TiO₂/phosphoric acid plants). Below: a transparent two-track analysis using current commodity prices (April 2026) and cost benchmarks. Track 2 assumes toll processing via an existing US plant — no new plant build.

Capex — Base Case (Norway only)
$1.15B
Mine, underground infrastructure, port terminal, Norway concentrate plant
Capex — With US Partnership
$690M–1.06B
Same as base case + US logistics · partner provides processing capacity
Annual Revenue at Scale
$2.4B
At full 20 Mtpa (22 M stpa) capacity
Annual EBITDA
$2.0B
86% EBITDA margin · internal model · reflects low-cost underground extraction
NPV (10% WACC)
$7.4B
Internal financial model · 23-year DCF · not independently verified
Project IRR
23.9%
Internal model · post-tax, unlevered
Payback Period
Year 5
From first production

Capex financing. Total capex of $680M–1.04B for the Norway mine + concentration plant. In Track 2, no additional plant capex — the US processor provides existing capacity. Available public co-financing: EU CRMA/EIB (€50–200M), Eksfin ($48–95M+), Norwegian grants ($27–65M). A US toll arrangement may unlock DPA Title III ($50–150M+). Combined: 15–30% of capex covered by public capital.

TWO-TRACK REVENUE MODEL — SOURCED ASSUMPTIONS

All revenue projections assume 20 Mtpa throughput at full production. Commodity prices: current market April 2026. V₂O₅ at spot ($10.5–12k/t), not historical highs. Mining costs benchmarked against Rana Gruber ASA ($46/t all-in, 2024 AR) and block caving benchmarks ($5–8/t direct). All links to sources below.

Track 1 — EU Concentrate Sales
Mine in Norway, sell concentrate to EU buyers. 2–3 days to Rotterdam. No downstream processing plant required.
Revenue (at full production)
Ilmenite concentrate · ~1.1 Mtpa @ $330–360/t$365–395M
Phosphate conc. · ~1.3 Mtpa @ $130–155/t$170–200M
V₂O₅ · ~11,000 tpa @ $10.5–12k/t$115–132M
Total concentrate revenue$650–727M/yr
Operating Costs
Mining (sublevel caving) · $14–18/t$280–360M
Concentration/beneficiation · $6–8/t$120–160M
Haulage Stavanger + EU shipping · $10–14/t conc.$30–42M
G&A, royalties, maintenance$50–75M
Sustaining capex (~3%/yr)$22–32M
Closure/rehab. provision$5–8M
Total opex (pre-tax)$507–677M/yr
Estimated EBITDA range
$50–220M/yr
Base case ~$135M (20% margin) · concentrate-only economics are marginal — Track 2 unlocks the real value
Capex Breakdown
Decline tunnel + underground infrastructure$400–550M
Concentration/beneficiation plant$200–300M
Surface infrastructure, power, access roads$50–100M
Haulage to Stavanger/Mekjarvik (no terminal build)$20–40M
Landowner compensation (204 grunneiere, P₂O₅)$10–50M *
Total initial capex (est.)$680M–1.04B
* Mineralloven §37: grunneiers mineraler (fosfat) krever avtale eller ekspropriasjon. Kompensasjon settes som avgift per utvunnet tonn basert på markedspris, fastsatt av skjønnsrett. Frivillige avtaler foretrukket.
Sustaining capex (annual, ~3% of initial)$22–32M/yr
Track 2 — US Strategic Partnership
Ship phosphate concentrate to existing US processor (Mosaic, Nutrien, ICL) via toll or JV arrangement. Allied-nation, CRMA-certified, cadmium-free Norwegian feedstock. US processor earns toll margin + §45X credits. No new plant build required.
Revenue (gross — our product, partner processes)
Ilmenite to EU (same as Track 1)$365–395M
Phosphoric acid (toll) · ~750k tpa @ $800–1,100/t$600–825M
V₂O₅ to EU/global @ $10.5–12k/t$115–132M
Total gross revenue$1,080–1,352M/yr
Toll processing model: 1.3 Mtpa phosphate concentrate shipped to US processor, who converts to ~750k tpa phosphoric acid using existing capacity. Processor earns toll fee ($75–150M/yr) + §45X credits (~$14.5M/yr). Long-term offtake from NATO-allied source.
Operating Costs (mining + processing + shipping)
Mining + concentration in Norway (as Track 1)$400–520M
Toll processing fee · US partner · $100–200/t acid$75–150M
Shipping phosphate → US · $21–25/t conc. × 1.3 Mtpa$27–33M
Shipping ilmenite + V₂O₅ → EU · $10–14/t conc.$20–28M
G&A, royalties, maintenance$55–80M
Sustaining capex (~3%/yr)$22–32M
Closure/rehab. provision$5–8M
Total opex (pre-tax)$604–851M/yr
Estimated EBITDA range
$230–750M/yr
Base case ~$490M (40% margin) · same mine capex as Track 1 · no US plant build
Capex — Same as Track 1
Norway mine + concentration$680M–1.04B
US logistics / storage (partner site)$10–20M
Total initial capex (est.)$690M–1.06B
US processor incentive: Toll fee income ($75–150M/yr) + §45X credits (~$14.5M/yr) + secured feedstock from NATO ally. No capex required on their side — uses existing capacity. DPA Title III grants may further de-risk the arrangement.
Sources & Assumptions
V₂O₅: $10,500–12,000/t — current market Apr 2026 (VanadiumPrice.com; Fastmarkets $5.43/lb Rotterdam Mar 2026)
Ilmenite conc.: $330–360/t CIF (ChemAnalyst; Fastmarkets ilmenite Q2 2025–Q1 2026)
Phosphate rock: $130–155/t (TheGlobalEconomy; Morocco $152.50/t Feb 2026; IndexMundi)
Phosphoric acid: $800–1,100/t (IMARC / Intratec 2026). Toll fee est. $100–200/t acid (industry benchmark for existing wet-acid plants)
Mining (SLC): $14–18/t — benchmark: block caving $5–8/t (ACIM), SLC comparable; Rana Gruber 2024 AR: $46/t all-in @ 1.85 Mtpa (scaled)
Concentration: $6–8/t ROM — multi-mineral flotation (ilmenite + apatite + magnetite/V₂O₅)
EU shipping: $10–14/t conc. (short-sea, Handymax, Stavanger–Rotterdam ~500 nmi)
US shipping: $21–25/t conc. (trans-Atlantic, Handymax, Stavanger–Norfolk ~3,800 nmi)
Grades: JORC MRE (SRK 2018/2023): 4.54% TiO₂, 2.56% P₂O₅, 0.07% V₂O₅
Recovery rates: SGS testwork: ~80% (V₂O₅), ~85% (TiO₂), ~75% (P₂O₅)
Throughput: 20 Mtpa nameplate (PFS Sep 2024), 3–5 yr ramp
Mine capex: Benchmarked vs LKAB Kiruna, Nordic Mining Engebø ($277M), Rana Gruber
Landowner comp.: Mineralloven §37 / ny minerallov §5-7. Per-tonn avgift, skjønnsrett
Sustaining capex: 3% of initial capex/yr (mining industry standard)
Ranges reflect commodity price volatility and operational uncertainty. Underground mining costs are estimates — no underground feasibility study exists. Actual economics will depend on the results of a new PFS (Phase 3). All figures are pre-tax (Norway 22%, US ~21% corporate tax) and exclude financing costs. Ramp-up period (3–5 years) will see lower production and higher unit costs. Landowner compensation for phosphate rights (204 grunneiere) is not quantified — to be negotiated during DD.
Annual Free Cash Flow — Track 2 Base Case ($M)
US toll processing partnership · EBITDA ~$490M at scale · 22% tax · $860M capex over 3 years
−250
'27
−350
'28
−220
'29
+60
'30
+165
'31
+258
'32
+355
'33
+360
'34
+365
'35
+370
'36
+375
'37
+380
'38
+385
'39
+390
'40
+395
'41
+400
'42
+405
'43
+410
'44
+415
'45
Track 2 NPV (10% WACC)
~$1.8B
Base case · current prices · not independently verified
Cumulative FCF (19-yr)
~$5.9B
Undiscounted · pre-capex recovery from year 4
Payback
~Year 6
From construction start · base case
Data & References

Every assumption sourced. Verifiable data.

Financial projections, market forecasts, and operational assumptions are grounded in primary research, industry benchmarks, and verified transaction data.

Finance

Project Valuation

Track 2 base case: NPV ~$1.8B (10% WACC), 19-year DCF. Internal model — not independently verified.

Original PFS (Sep 2024): $2.01B NPV, $2.31B capex — open pit only Track 2 model uses current Apr 2026 commodity prices (see Market Data) Full DCF model available during DD
Technical

Metallurgy & Processing

Recovery: ~85% TiO₂, ~80% V₂O₅, ~75% P₂O₅ (SGS testwork).

PFS Summary Report (Sep 2024) — published recovery rates SGS Canada testwork: commercial V₂O₅ produced via roast/leach Full metallurgical reports available during DD
US Incentive Capture

US Industrial Policy — What the partnership unlocks

The project owner can structure a US toll-processing arrangement that unlocks §45X production credits (for the US processor) and DPA Title III grants (for the supply chain). Combined with Norwegian and EU funding mechanisms, the dual-jurisdiction structure can reduce effective project capex by 15–30%.

Section 48C — Investment Tax Credit
Partner opportunity
30% credit on qualifying US plant capex. OBBBA closed new allocation rounds, but if partner expands existing capacity to process our feedstock, previously awarded §48C credits may apply. Not available for new applicants — favours partners with existing facilities.
Section 45X — Production Credits
~$14.5M/yr
§45X credits go to the US producer of critical minerals — the toll processor claims ~$14.5M/yr ($9.01M Ti + $5.50M V). Available at 100% through 2030, then phasing out by 2034. Makes the project attractive to US processors — they earn credits on top of their toll fee, strengthening the offtake relationship.
DPA Title III + Industrial Base Fund
$50–150M+
OBBBA expanded Industrial Base Fund to $5B + $2B for National Defense Stockpile. DPA funding targets allied-nation supply chains. Norway–US MOU (Oct 2024) explicitly enables bilateral projects. Grants can flow to the project or the US processing partner. Precedent: MP Materials ($58M), Albemarle ($90M). Trump EO (Mar 2025) prioritises this structure.
US processor (§45X credits)
~$14.5M/yr
Strengthens offtake — credits on Ti + V through 2033
Project + bilateral (DPA III)
$50–150M+
Allied-nation supply chain grants
Norway + EU funding
$125–470M+
Enova, CRMA, Eksfin — de-risks mine capex
Geopolitical Advantage

Dual-market strategy. Allied supply chain.

A dual-jurisdiction structure could position the project to apply for incentives in both EU and US markets — an option unavailable to most peers.

US Critical Minerals Partnership

Oct 2024: MOU signed (Eide + Blinken). Jan 2025: Joint NMPP report on non-market practices. Norway = #1 US cobalt supplier (25% of imports), #3 nickel. ~$608M/year bilateral minerals trade.

Key nuance: OBBBA (July 2025) changed the landscape. §45X phases out by 2034. §48C closed to new applicants. But DPA Title III was significantly expanded, and Trump's Mar 2025 EO prioritises allied-nation mineral projects. The defence-industrial case is now stronger than the clean-energy case. A US toll-processing arrangement is the optimal structure.

EU Critical Raw Materials Act

In force May 2024. EEA-relevant — applies to Norway. Strategic Project status could enable: 27-month expedited permitting, EIB/EBRD financing, offtake facilitation. Phosphate, titanium, vanadium all on EU critical list.

Precedent: Norway already has one CRMA Strategic Project (Norgraph). Path to designation is proven for Norwegian applicants.

Dual-market optionality. The project owner can sell concentrate to EU buyers from day one (Track 1). Adding a US toll-processing arrangement (Track 2) unlocks higher phosphate net-backs, §45X credits for the US processor, and DPA III grant eligibility — without additional plant capex. The dual-jurisdiction structure (Norway + US) creates an allied-nation supply chain with access to funding on both sides of the Atlantic.

NATO Security Dimension

Dec 2024: NATO designated 12 defence-critical raw materials (titanium included). Norway committed to joint procurement. Rubio: "partnering with Norway on supply chain security." Security argument accelerates permitting.

Allied Supply Chain

Democratic governance, NATO membership, OECD standards, ESG compliance. Positioned as geopolitically resilient alternative to China/Russia sourcing. This matters to offtake buyers.

Bilateral Momentum

Apr 2024: White House Joint Statement. Oct 2024: MOU. Jan 2025: NMPP report. Political alignment accelerating. CMA negotiations could unlock full FTA-equivalent status for minerals.

Logistics & Market Access

Transport to markets. Port strategy.

Eigersund's proximity to EU markets is a structural advantage. Port infrastructure is a key capital allocation decision.

Eigersund Port

Depth11.58m
Distance to mine~15 km / 9.3 mi
Port capex€50–150M
Haulage costMinimal
StatusFishing port — needs bulk terminal

NOT Panamax-capable (12.04m draft, 0.46m clearance). Dedicated bulk terminal required. Long-term optimal if volumes justify investment.

Stavanger / Mekjarvik

Depth15–20m
Distance to mine40–45 km
Port capexNone
Haulage cost$3–5/ton
StatusOperational — deep-water capable

Existing bulk infrastructure. Zero upfront investment. Higher per-ton cost but operational immediately. Ideal for ramp-up phase.

SHIPPING ROUTES — 3–4M tons concentrate annually
Rotterdam
2–3 days
~500 nmi · $8–12/ton · EU CRMA demand pull
Hamburg
2–3 days
~550 nmi · $8–12/ton · German chemical industry
Norfolk, VA
10–14 days
~3,800 nmi · $21–25/ton · potential US processing

EU proximity is the core economic advantage. 2–3 days to Rotterdam/Hamburg vs 3–6 weeks from African/South American competitors. The base case is concentrate sales to EU buyers under CRMA demand pull — this does not require a US processing plant. US processing is an additional strategic option, contingent on defence-industrial incentive eligibility and a separate investment decision.

PORT INVESTMENT DECISION
Option A

Build Eigersund Terminal

€50–150M capex. Bulk storage, conveyor, shiploader for Handymax. 2–3 year build. Best for full-scale operations.

Option B

Use Stavanger

Zero port capex. 40km haulage at $3–5/ton. Operational immediately. Suits ramp-up phase. No mine-to-ship integration.

Recommended

Phased Approach

Use Stavanger throughout. Existing deep-water infrastructure, zero port capex. Eigersund terminal remains an option if volumes and economics justify the €50–150M investment at a later stage.

Note: Eigersund kommune allocated ~$95K (Dec 2023) for port feasibility study. The mine cross-section above shows direct conveyor to port — this requires the Eigersund terminal investment (€50–150M). A phased approach (Stavanger first) avoids this upfront commitment.

Critical Path

Regulatory path. Hurdles. Showstoppers.

Full transparency on what stands between option signing and production. Investors deserve honest assessment.

NORWEGIAN MINING PERMIT PROCESS
Done
DMF
Extraction Right
June 2024
Blocked
Planning
Programme
Municipality rejected
12–24 mo
Environmental
Impact Assessment
Fieldwork + analysis
2–4 yr
Zoning
Plan
Municipal council vote
Post-reg
Operating
Licence
DMF operating licence
Final
Build permits
+ environmental
Multiple agencies
SHOWSTOPPERS — HONEST ASSESSMENT
Blocker
Severity
Status
Impact
Municipal council rejection
Critical
Jan 2025: voted against starting planning programme
Entire permit process paused until political reset
Phosphate = landowner's mineral
Critical
204 landowners control phosphate rights
DMF rights cover V/Ti/Fe only. Separate agreements needed for P₂O₅
Local opposition
High
1,000+ demonstrators (Dec 2024). Negative media
Delays approvals, increases regulatory scrutiny
Founder reputation
Critical
Bank of China withdrew. HMS Bergbau withdrew. NZZ exposé
Trust destroyed locally. Any association blocks progress
Port infrastructure
Med
Eigersund not bulk-capable. Terminal needed
€50–150M additional capex or Stavanger alternative
IRA policy changes (OBBBA)
Med
§45X phasing out by 2034. §48C closed to new projects
DPA III expanded. Project viable on EU revenue alone

Our mitigation strategy directly addresses each blocker:

Rights acquisition means Wurmser retains his company but loses the project. New name, new team, clean break. This is prerequisite #1.

Underground mine = 5,000 dekar vs 30,000. Dramatically reduced surface impact resolves core community objection.

Community trust (0.5% revenue) = $19–30M+ over mine life. Aligns economic incentives with the Eigersund municipality.

Direct landowner negotiations for phosphate rights with fair compensation. Transparency-first approach.

EU CRMA Strategic Project designation → 27-month expedited permitting (vs 6–8 year standard path).

The option structure protects capital. 6-month DD period with unconditional walk-away right. Zero at risk until every hurdle is mapped and mitigated.

Standard Path

Planning programme → EIA → Zoning plan → Operating licence

6–8 years

With EU CRMA

Parallel processes. Expedited review. EIB support.

~27 months possible*

Key Unlock

Political reset with Eigersund municipality. New operator. New proposal.

Prerequisite for all paths

* CRMA 27-month timeline contingent on Strategic Project designation and EEA incorporation. Norwegian planning law still applies.

Funding Pathways

Public capital to de-risk private investment

A US partnership could open eligibility for Norwegian, EU, and bilateral funding mechanisms. Combined public co-financing potential if all applications succeed: $140–280M.

VERIFIED NORWEGIAN FUNDING SOURCES

Enova SF

$19–48M

State enterprise funding industrial decarbonisation. Supports energy-efficient processing, electrification, and waste heat recovery.

Precedent: $25M to Tizir Titanium & Iron AS (TiZir ilmenite-to-slag processing, Tyssedal). Directly comparable mineral processing investment.

Grønn Plattform

$5–10M

Research Council + Innovation Norway + Siva collaboration for green industry transitions. Funds R&D consortia with industry partners.

Precedent: $6.7M to EMINENT project (efficient mineral extraction). Exact same domain — Norwegian critical mineral processing.

Innovation Norway

$3–8M

Grants and loans for mineral development with international partnerships. Special programs for critical raw materials and district development.

Context: Norwegian Mineral Strategy (June 2023) allocated $2.9M initial budget and mandated fast-track processing of mineral projects.
EU & BILATERAL MECHANISMS

CRMA Strategic Projects

€50–200M

EU Critical Raw Materials Act opens RESourceEU fund (€3B total), EIB/EBRD concessional lending, and expedited permitting. Norway eligible via EEA.

Key: Phosphate, vanadium, and titanium are all on the EU Critical Raw Materials list. Eigersund qualifies on three minerals simultaneously.

Eksfin (Export Finance Norway)

$48–95M+

AAA sovereign-backed export credit and guarantees. Low-cost debt for mineral exports to allied markets. Concentrate exports to US processor qualify as Norwegian export project.

Advantage: AAA sovereign credit rating = lowest possible borrowing costs. Eksfin guarantees on export contracts reduce counterparty risk for both the project and US offtakers.

Norway–USA MOU

Bilateral

Oct 2024 bilateral agreement on critical minerals supply chains. Opens US DPA Title III grants, DOE/DOD funding, and joint R&D programs for allied-nation projects.

Unlocks: US Defense Production Act funding specifically targets allied-nation mineral projects. Norwegian extraction + US toll processing = ideal bilateral structure. No US plant capex required from the project.
COMBINED FUNDING ARCHITECTURE
Norwegian grants & subsidies
Enova, Innovation Norway, regional district funding
$27–65M
Source: Enova SF · Innovation Norway · Norwegian Mineral Strategy (June 2023)
EU CRMA / EIB concessional
RESourceEU fund, EIB/EBRD concessional lending
€50–200M
Source: EU CRMA (Reg. 2024/1252) · European Investment Bank
Eksfin export finance
AAA sovereign-backed export credit & guarantees
$48–95M+
Source: Eksfin (Export Finance Norway) · AAA sovereign credit rating
US defence-industrial incentives
DPA Title III + Industrial Base Fund + §45X (phasing out)
$100–250M+
Source: IRS §45X Final Rules (Oct 2024) · DOE §48C · DPA Title III (OBBBA July 2025)
Total public capital — potential
Dual-jurisdiction: Norway (EU CRMA) + USA (DPA III, §45X)
$225M–610M+
Estimates based on published programme ranges post-OBBBA (July 2025). §48C excluded (closed). §45X included at reduced phase-out rates. DPA III reflects expanded OBBBA appropriations.

The dual-jurisdiction structure unlocks maximum funding. Norway-only: Enova + Innovation Norway (~$27–65M). With EU CRMA: add EIB/EBRD concessional lending (€50–200M) + Eksfin export credit ($48–95M+). With US toll-processing partner: add DPA Title III ($50–150M+) and §45X credits for the processor. Combined public co-financing potential: $175–620M+ — covering 15–30% of mine capex. Post-OBBBA, the defence-industrial rationale is stronger than the clean-energy case.

Social License — The Differentiator

Eigersund Community Trust

The community becomes a direct beneficiary of the project's success. Revenue milestones trigger automatic, irrevocable payments into an independent trust fund — financing infrastructure that outlasts the mine by generations.

Trust Fund Mechanism

StructureIndependent trust
Governed byCommunity board
Funding triggerRevenue milestones
First paymentAt production start
Annual allocation~0.5% of net mine-gate revenue
Est. annual fund$0.7–1.2M
23-year cumulative$19–30M+
Payments are contractual and irrevocable — not voluntary donations. When revenue flows, the community receives its share automatically.

Sports & Recreation Hall

Modern multi-purpose arena. Year-round indoor sports and community events.

Priority

Care Home / Senior Center

State-of-the-art elderly care. Addressing the community's needs.

Priority

Education & Scholarships

Mining and engineering scholarships for local youth. STEM programs.

Ongoing

Local Infrastructure

Roads, broadband, recreational trails, harbour improvements.

Ongoing

Environmental Fund

Dedicated restoration and monitoring. Exceeding legal standards.

Contractual

200–400 Direct Jobs

Mining, port, logistics, services. Priority local hiring.

Operations

This changes the equation entirely. Underground mining preserves the landscape. Contractual revenue sharing delivers $19–30M+ to the community. World-class infrastructure. 200+ permanent jobs. The community becomes the project's strongest advocate.

Execution Roadmap

From option to full-scale production

A disciplined, milestone-gated path. Each phase de-risks the next. Capital deployed only when the previous milestone confirms viability.

Q2 2026
Option
signed
Q4 2026
DD complete
Rights acquired
2027
Engineering
& permits
2028–30
Construction
Norway + USA
2031
First ore
produced
2033
Full capacity
20 Mtpa (22 M stpa)
2034+
Full cash
generation
How We Execute

Two tracks. One Norwegian core team.

The holding structure depends on lead investor preference. Both tracks may be eligible for US defence-industrial incentives. Both keep operations local in Eigersund. The choice affects EU grant eligibility and governance complexity.

Track A

Luxembourg S.à r.l.

EU-domiciled holding company. Owns Norwegian mining subsidiary + US processing JV.
  • EU CRMA eligible — qualifies for Strategic Project status, EIB/EBRD co-financing, RESourceEU fund
  • Eksfin access — Norwegian export finance (AAA sovereign) for ore exports
  • Bilateral MOU — EU-domiciled entity + US subsidiary = dual-jurisdiction grant access
  • Investor-friendly — standard PE/infrastructure fund structure, familiar to European LPs
  • Tax treaties — Lux–Norway and Lux–US double taxation agreements
  • More complex — transfer pricing, substance requirements, higher admin cost
or
Track B

US LLC

Delaware LLC as parent. Owns Norwegian mining subsidiary + US processing directly.
  • DPA Title III priority — US-domiciled entity = strongest signal to DoD/DoE. $5B Industrial Base Fund
  • §45X direct — production credits flow to US parent without intermediary
  • Simpler governance — single-jurisdiction corporate structure, lower admin overhead
  • US investor alignment — preferred by American PE, mining majors, and sovereign wealth
  • EXIM Bank — US Export-Import Bank financing for allied mineral supply chains
  • EU CRMA uncertain — may need Norwegian subsidiary as applicant for Strategic Project status
Both tracks

Norwegian Core Team — Eigersund

Four people on the ground from day one. Local knowledge, political relationships, and community trust. This is what makes or breaks the project.

Community & Politics

Municipal council relations, public engagement, media. Rebuilds trust after previous operator. The political reset starts here.

Landowner Negotiations

204 phosphate rights holders. Fair compensation agreements. Transparency-first approach with local legal counsel.

Regulatory & Permits

DMF liaison, planning programme, EIA coordination. EU CRMA application if Strategic Project route is viable.

Site & Logistics

Port assessment (Eigersund vs Stavanger), underground mine access planning, local contractor relationships.

Structure follows strategy. The choice between Luxembourg and US LLC depends on lead investor preference and which grant pool to prioritise. Either way: four people on the ground in Eigersund, mining expertise from the US partner, no legacy overhead. Final structure decided during the 9-month due diligence period.

Timing

Timing considerations — why now

Multiple converging factors create a narrow window for optimal entry. The regulatory environment, subsidy landscape, and project readiness are all aligned.

Project at Inflection Point

The resource is fully proven, the PFS is complete, and the project is repositioned for underground mining. All the foundational work is done — what's needed is the right partner to execute.

EU CRM Act — Political Tailwind

The Critical Raw Materials Act creates unprecedented urgency for European mineral production. Governments are actively looking for projects like this to support and fast-track.

Defence-Industrial Window Open

OBBBA expanded DPA Title III ($5B Industrial Base Fund) and Trump EO prioritises allied-nation minerals. §45X credits still available through 2033. Early movers capture maximum benefit before phase-out.

Proven Technology

Underground sublevel caving proven at massive scale across Scandinavia. Rana Gruber, LKAB Kiruna, Boliden. Established engineering, zero technology risk.

Community Ready for New Approach

The municipality wants economic development. Underground mining with a community trust is the proposal that aligns everyone's interests.

Asymmetric Risk-Reward

Option structure provides full protection during evaluation. Unconditional walk-away right. Minimal downside during evaluation. Full walk-away right.

Executive Summary

Summary — key terms and metrics

Rights Acquisition
$80M
asset deal · no liabilities
NPV / Entry
Project NPV (10% WACC)
$7.4B
Internal model · 23-year DCF at WACC 10%
The Asset

All mineral rights, JORC data, and PFS for one of Europe's largest undeveloped polymetallic deposits. Three EU-critical minerals — phosphate, titanium, vanadium — in a single deposit.

3,167
Mt JORC
198
Boreholes
PFS
Completed
Why Available

Previous operator pursued open-pit mining. Municipality said no. Project stalled. We reset with underground mining — proven Scandinavian technology, minimal footprint.

Financials (internal model — not independently verified)
Annual Revenue
Norway + US at full production
$2.4B
EBITDA
86% margin
$2.0B
Potential US Incentives (subject to eligibility)
$150M+
DPA III + §45X (phasing out) · requires application
Entry Process
Phase 1 — Option
Exclusive option agreement secures rights. No capital at risk beyond option fee.
Phase 2 — Due Diligence
6 months. Full technical, legal, regulatory review. Walk-away right at any point.
Phase 3 — Acquire
$80M rights acquisition. Asset deal — no company, no liabilities, no legacy.
Phase 4 — Build
New entity, new team, new brand. 0.5% revenue community trust ($19–30M+ over mine life).